The Hidden History Of People With Disabilities Essay

Having a disability can be very complex and hard to understand. Disability is an individual performing which includes physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual mental illness impairments, and various types of chronic diseases. Living with a long lasting health condition presents many challenges and learning how to meet those challenges is a process that doesn t happen right away. In the except P.H.*reaks: The Hidden History of People with Disabilities, the playwrights recapitulates on characters who all face some type of disability and it demonstrates perceptions towards disability that have varied significantly from one period of time to another. However, disability is not the impairment itself, but rather attitudes and environmental barriers that result in disability. In one of the plays during the 17th century in the excerpt P.H.*reaks: One of the few ways in which disabled people have always been able to earn a living is via the freakshow. Elizabeth is known as the women in whe elchair also the â€Å"half lady† and she is represented as one of the freaks in the freak show. The people who are referred to as freaks are ones with all kinds of disabilities. As the freak show talker introduces her â€Å"Heres Elizabeth—America’s Only Living Half-Lady. Can’t use her arms can’t use her legs. Why? Only God knows, folks. She was born that way . . . Next you have Andreos the Legless Acrobat. How does he do it? Come and see. Come and see—and Special tonight—we’ve got ZoltanShow MoreRelatedThe Victims Of Children With Disabilities1331 Words   |  6 Pagesthe olden day, children born with disabilities were hidden or even killed. Shame and guilt often followed the birth of a child with disabilities. Most people believed that the disability was the result of a family member’s sins. Although society began accepting people with disabilities as time passed, a disability was still viewed as a personal tragedy. Many children were denied access to education and opportunities to learn. In 1967, 200,000 persons with disabilities resided in state institutions.Read MorePolio : An American Story1378 Words   |  6 Pages(Oshinsky 22), despite having overall better living conditions1. This unusual behavior left America clueless as to how it could combat such a disease, which provoked uneasiness and fear in an era that otherwise was known as a peak in United States history. The nation had just recently survived an economic depression and a world war. Many Americans sensed that a great future awaited the nation, with the booming economy and advancements in technology and science at the time. Many, perhaps, felt thatRead MoreHistory of Special Education Law1021 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Special Education Law Grand Canyon University Special Education Litigation and Law SPE-350 Virginia Murray August 11, 2013 History of Special Education Law Throughout the ages, people with disabilities have been hidden away at homes or institutions and were often not educated. This was common practice and as such, when the education system was designed, children with disabilities were not even considered. Then, starting soon after the civil rights movement in the 50’s, aRead MoreThe Horrors Of Nazi Germany1485 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The horrors of Nazi Germany have been widely discussed throughout history. From concentration camps, gas chambers, to ghettos, the reign of the Third Reich showed to be a dark time for humanity. However, years had passed before the horrors of Nazi Germany were brought to light. One program that has still been left in the dark has been The Lebensborn Program. Throughout the last few decades participants in the Lebensborn Program have come forward to discuss the treatment they receivedRead MoreThe Effects Of Hearing On Children With Disabilities1453 Words   |  6 PagesChristian Popoca According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, individuals with disabilities include those who have impairments that substantially limit a major life activity, have a history or record of a substantially limiting impairment, or are regarded as having a disability. Deaf people are limited in some functions because of an impairment of hearing. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports â€Å"deaf† individuals do not hear well enough to rely on their hearing to processRead MoreThe Historical Foundation Of People With Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesFoundation: The historical foundation of people with disability has evolved from a place where people with disabilities were hidden away to present time being involved member of their community. disability. One of the first changes for people with disabilities was the Kennedy Era of 1960. President Kennedy used his platform to challenge the quality of life of people with disabilities. When his MR panel found a non-existing care for people with disabilities, their was a removal of mental institutionsRead MoreThe Foundations Of Counseling And Guidance Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pagesconfessional in the Middle Ages. However, The history of school counseling, as we know it, formally started at the turn of the twentieth century (Krumboltz Kolplin, n.d.). Counselors only began playing a role in special education in the late 1970’s to early 1980’s. This was a time of strict evaluation of education and counseling programs in particular. In order for schools to provide adequate educational opportunities for individuals with disabilities, school counselors were trained to adapt theRead MoreShould Special Needs Children Be Mainstreamed?1183 Words   |  5 Pageschildren with special needs into classrooms with their peers who have no disabilities (Masters in Special Education Degree Program Guide). Inclusion is a term which expresses the commitment to educate each child, to maximization extent appropriate, in the school and classroom that he or she would otherwise attend (Wisconsin in Education Association Council). Special education is a term used in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that is defined as the specially designed instructionRead MoreThe Importance Of Challenging Social Attitudes Towards The U nderstanding Needed By Community And Youth Workers1170 Words   |  5 Pagesachievement or individual goals unimpeded by artificial constraints† (Platt, 2011. P7). 1.2 This report will cover inequality in employment, providing one piece of evidence each for the six areas of inequality, race, gender, sexuality, class, disabilities and age. The evidence has been gathered from various sources and evaluated to establish its worth, impact and credibility. (2) Evidence of inequality in employment 2.1 Race â€Å"Racial inequality in the workplace has worsened over the last decadeRead MoreEarly History Of Mental Illness Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesEarly History of Mental Illness In early American history, individuals with mental illnesses have been neglected and suffered inhuman treatments. Some were beaten, lobotomized, sterilized, restrained, in addition to other kinds of abuse. Mental illness was thought to be the cause of supernatural dreadful curse from the Gods or a demonic possession. Trepanning (the opening of the skull) is the earliest known treatment for individuals with mental illness. This practice was believed to release evil

Review of Literature for Poverty Measurements - 1668 Words

Literature Review From the time of independence, India has been suffering from acute poverty, most of it is chronic in nature. If we look at the percentage of people below the poverty line, we do notice a sharp fall, but the absolute number remains increasing at a high rate. The situation keeps aggravating despite of several poverty alleviation programs that are implemented every year. The main reason for such failure, apart from the implementation issues, would be the measurement and numbers on which these programs are based. Appropriate measurement is central to analyzing and understanding poverty and its alleviation. Joshi P.D. (1997) identifies the methods and indices used for measuring the magnitude and extent of poverty are not†¦show more content†¦(Ghosh J, 2010) The qualitative measures of poverty and wellbeing are also widely criticized by researchers who follow positive research paradigm on the ground that the relation between participatory exercises and the project or plans to alleviate poverty is often remote. Also there are factors like heterogeneity, ambiguity in responses, truthfulness etc. Hayati D. Et al., ( 2004) however recognizes that there is yet another group of researchers who think that both qualitative and quantitative approaches can be used simultaneously to answer a research question. For example, Poverty Measurement Index (PMI) is one such index. The PMI explicitly accommodates the multidimensionality of poverty. In the PMI construction process, poverty is viewed as a multidimensional and complex socio-economic state that relates to many aspects of household living. Bailey J. makes out that in adopting such an approach, it is necessary to extend the net so as to cover wider dimensions of well-being using non-conventional indicators of psychosocial and mental health, and environmental, relational and subjective components. In addition to this there should be an appropriate use of econometric and mathematical tools in order to quantify the variables. Tiwari M, (2008) argues that some researchers emphasizes on the qualitative and holistic approach to measure poverty.A more holistic understanding of poverty and wellbeing will have importantShow MoreRelatedNigeria Literature1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe researcher sourced materials from literatures published from 2000-2015, with the exception of press articles (which were excluded owing to time constraints on the project) were included in the review. The review was carried out in a methodical manner using the three main secondary sources to find literature: electronic databases using Google; as well as search functions of journals, reports and publications; and government websites where relevant literature where identified through content analysisRead MoreEconomic models for peace, growth and poverty alleviation and resolution of con√ °ict in Nepal, July 2010-July 20113073 Words   |  13 PagesAn Example of a Research Proposal Economic models for peace, growth and poverty alleviation and resolution of con†¡ in Nepal, July 2010-July 2011 ict Poverty and inequality in Nepal has increased substantially in the last two decades. Major reason for this is the failure of the economy to grow because of internal con†¡ and political ict instability. As a result of the lack of employment prospects in the country thousands of young people are forced to migrate abroad and economy has lost manpowerRead MoreHow Does Low Socioeconomic Status Affect the Development and Academic Performance of Children?1654 Words   |  7 Pagesand future of learning. With the addition of clinical experiences in various schools and grades, a passion and focus area of mine has been multicultural perspectives, often volunteering at schools where students and their families live below the poverty line. I have personally witnessed that the lack of family income makes it difficult or impossible for children to learn and develop at the same capacity as their higher socioeconomic counterparts. It is under these conditions that roadblocks canRead MoreThe Rate Of Poverty Among Elderly Receiving State Pension Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2015 The Jersey Household Income Distribution Survey reported that there are approximately 4900 pensioners living in poverty -described as relative low income (after the housing cost) -who excl usively rely on the Jersey State`s pension and have no other source of income except Income Support contributions. It meant that one in every three pensioners struggled to meet basic needs such as housing, food, heating or paying other necessary bills. This figure equated to 28% of all OAPs in Jersey, andRead MoreThe Millenium Declaration Goals 20001758 Words   |  7 Pagesextreme poverty and hunger 2. Achievement of universal primary education 3. Promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, 4. Reduction of child mortality 5. Improvement in maternal health 6. Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, 7. Ensuring environmental sustainability and 8. Develop a global partnership for development. The accomplishing focus of these objectives is until 2015. Subsequently such advancement methodologies are critical to meet these objectives. Poverty is seriousRead MoreCorrelation Between Income Inequality And Homicide Rates1276 Words   |  6 Pages Income inequality is one factor related to quality of life and higher rates of crimes. Economic struggle and poverty may lead to other problems such as drug abuse, dissolution of family bonds, and even crimes. When communities with higher economic problems don’t have access to enough resources to educate their youth, they cannot fight the social disorganization. People living in poverty are disadvantaged and cannot sustain their basic needs and therefore, they tend to commit violent crimes in orderRead MoreConventional Wisdom Dictates That Improving Agricultural Productivity951 Words   |  4 Pagesproductivity, either through irrigation projects or the introduction of genetically modified crops, is the key step in ending rural poverty in sub-Saharan poverty. Our research overturns this assumption. By using a global poverty map and standard soil productivity measures , we find that the regions in sub-Saharan Africa with better soil quality actually experience higher rates of poverty. Our dataset consisted of 5334 subnational units from 46 sub-Saharan African countries. For soil quality, we used a seven-dimensionRead More Micro-finance and its Impact on Poverty948 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the growing body of literatures about the microfinance and its impact on poverty, there are counter growing criticisms against microfinance in issues such as reaching the poor, unchanged poverty level, high interest rate, brutality in repayment processes, financial sustainability, and women empowerment. (Hossain, 2010). In terms of poverty reduction and reaching the poor people, the studies edited by (Hulme Mosley, 1996) on the impact of microfinance on poverty found that poor people doRead MoreSocial And Social Learning Theory1553 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy was to improve the measurements and analytical approaches in the research of the Social Learning Theory as it relates to parent and peer reinforcements with regard to criminal acts, namely theft and marijuana use. Osgood and Anderson’s review investigated unstructured socializing and rates of delinquency concerning key themes of the Social Disorganization Theory. In regard to the Social Disorganization Theory, Welsh, Greene, and Jenkins study revealed community poverty and individual characteristicsRead MoreThe Role Of Economic Development As Measured Through Levels1485 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious studies, I have concluded that when regarding â€Å"gender empowerment† it is specific to the empowerment of women It is hypothesi zed that increased economic development will display higher levels of gender empowerment. The following three literature reviews will demonstrate and support the hypothesis. The first article, Gender Inequality, Income, and Growth: Are Good Times Good for Women? by David Dollar and Roberta Gotti, is a cumulated work that was published by The World Bank under the Development

Law of Business Organization Principles and Guidance

Question: Describe about the Law of Business Organization for Principles and Guidance. Answer: Historical background and reason for their inclusion in the Corporation Act. The Corporation act is the act of the Commonwealth of Australia. This act can also be called as corporation act. This act deals with the laws that s to be followed by every business organizations of Australia. This act contents the laws which mainly focused in company starting from the registration to its winding up and some other provisions. The main reason of forming of the said act is the famous decision made in the case of New South Wales v Commonwealth, (Laws, 2016). Section 198A Sec.198A of the Corporation Act contents the powers of the directors. No director has any individual power and cannot execute the same (Federal Register of Legislation, 2016). The Board of directors has the authority to exercise all such powers and can do all such works as the company is authorized to do. The directors are the agents of the company. An individual director can only execute his power only if the Board delegates any authority to that director. The main power of the directors is that they have the complete authority to control the business affair of the company and are responsible for the same. The directors collectively called the Board of directors have the power to fill up the vacancy of the board by appointing a director. The other powers are that the board can issue shares and debentures and can fixed the rate of per share, they can also make loan for the business purpose and can do any act to the limit of their authority for the business purpose. The main reason to incorporate this act in the statute is that this will help the internal management to work smoothly which will increase the business of the company. Section 191 Duty of the directors has been mentioned in the section 191 of the Corporation Act (ASIC, 2016). The duties of the directors which they are expected to follow are: They have to attend the meetings of the board regularly. They should not go beyond their authority to perform any action. They should disclose any material fact in which he is having any personal interest and also is related to the company affairs to other directors, provided he acts as a guarantor to the company or is related to his remuneration. If he fails in doing so, he will be liable of breach of trust and of negligence. This section has been included in the act in order to maintain the trust amongst the directors which will impliedly save the assets of the company from being ruined because of some kind of personal interest, (Australian Institute of Company Directors, 2016). Section 250R (1) (2) This particular section of the act deals about the business of the AGM (Annual General Meeting). Annual general meeting is held to discuss about a specified matter (Mkysugar, 2016). The notice of the AGM should be given to every members of the board which should specify the matter to be discussed. The AGM is to be held during the office hours. In the AGM, the annual report of the company by the auditors, financial report of the company for a particular year, director report, are to be discussed by the board. Any other relevant matter which is beneficiary for the company is also expected to be discussed. In the AGM of a listed company, there must be vote for the discussion over the remuneration report. This section helps to maintain transparency between the directors of the company with other officers which helps in smooth running of the business. Reference: ASIC (2016) Insolvency for directors, [Online], Available: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/insolvency/insolvency-for-directors/. Australian Institute of Company Directors (2016) Good Governance Principles and Guidance for NFP Organisations, [Online], Available: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/Director-Resource-Centre/Not-for-profit/Good-Governance-Principles-and-Guidance-for-NFP-Organisations. Federal Register of Legislation (2016) Corporations Act 2001, [Online], Available: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2014C00519. LAWS (2016) CORPORATIONS ACT 2001, [Online], Available: https://corporate.laws.com/corporations-act-2001. Mkysugar (2016) Corporation Act 2001, [Online], Available: https://mkysugar.com.au/.

Nice Manager Essays - Human Resource Management,

Nice Manager Introduction The organizational issue that will be addressed is the managements perception of nice as one of the critical hiring criteria. There are other relevant criteria that this human resource team should be focusing on rather than focusing on whether a manager is nice. How the human resource (HR) team conduct research on whether Mr. Harry Creighton qualifies as a potential candidate for the manager position. They discover that he has great qualities to be an effective manager. However, they do not have some concerns that he may not be able to fit the managers seat. The pending action for Chisum Industries management team is hiring senior management to support the organizational growth. Before the team can decide who to hire for this managers position, a set of criteria should be decided on in order to properly select the best candidate for the position. Part of the organizational growth is building a solid foundation which entails individuals who will be an effective manager who can lead a team and promote higher staff performance. Analysis One of the organizational issue is the perception of nice as a critical criteria for the hiring process. This is an issue because how the human resource (HR) team perceive the meaning of nice could possibly hinder Mr. Creighton from getting a promotion within the organization. The HR team is perceiving Mr. Creighton possibly unqualified because he is nice. The HR team is interpreting nice as a bad thing because it shows that he is unable to delegate directives to his team and allow them to accomplish the task alone. The team is perceiving these criteria through halo effect which is grouping the qualities and focus on only one possible bad quality instead of looking at the full picture of qualities that is being presented (Walker, 2007). HR could be missing on a great candidate due to one possible bad quality that can be changed through training. The HR team feels that Mr. Creighton has exhibited various qualities to become a manager. He was able to reverse the low morale and encourage staff to produce high team performance. This exemplifies his transformational leadership skills as well as high emotional intelligence skills. Transformational leaders are those who works towards improving their staff success by influencing their work values and needs (Alston, Dastoor, Emotional intelligence is when an individual acknowledges their emotions and control it as well as acknowledges their staffs emotions and can objectively channel it to be conducive to the organizational goals (Alston, Dastoor, This is a very important leadership style and one of the technique to have in order to be an effective manager. Solutions There are two possible solutions for Chisum Industries to resolve the issue of perceptions of nice as a criteria in the hiring process; first solution is conduct a 2nd interview in person to evaluate his leadership skills and testing his level of emotional intelligence. The second solution is review the exam with the potential candidates written responses that were provided on a real-life scenarios. In the first solution, it would provide candidates to make a first impression which is what will stick in peoples mind. During this 2nd interview, the potential candidates can wow the HR team through facial expressions, body language, and how they present themselves within a group of people (Walker, 2007). The HR team will be able to ask all the questions that gears to real-life scenarios to get a better understanding on how the candidate will actually handle various life situations. The candidates are able to express how they feel and how they would truly handle the situations. In the second solution, the HR team should review the answers to the questions that were asked of the potential candidates. These questions could be tailored to the type of leadership style that will be practiced. However, the HR team will not be provided with the visions of the candidates; but just be a vision on paper. How the candidates answers the questions are imperative to whether they are chosen for a promotion. It is sometimes difficult to deliver the true you in written form since it can perceive a certain way as oppose

The American Experience in Vietnam War

The American Experience in Vietnam War The book covers information from the early years of the war in 1954 to the end in 1975. It is written by Grace Sevy, who is a freelance teacher at Stanford University. For most of the part, she narrates the story from a neutral and third person standpoint. The book contains 5 parts in a chronological order that analyze the major battles, the role of media and the aftermath and importance of the war.America was able to make full use of the latest developments in the war against North Vietnam. B-52 bombers flew at heights that prevented them from being seen and dropped 8 million tons of bombs on Vietnam. Another infamous bomb was the napalm. It had a sticky gel that attached to the skin and an igniting agent that burnt skin. The pineapple bomb was made up of 250 pellets inside a small canister. One of the major problems faced by the US forces were the Vietcong, who hid in the forests in Vietnam and launched surprise attacks.Civilians sort through the ruins of their homes in...They spra yed a chemical, Agent Orange, in the air that destroyed forests and also caused chromosomal damage in people. Chemicals such as Agent Blue were sprayed on crops so that would cut the supply for the Vietcong. All the chemicals were responsible for serious health problems and disease outbreaks.The Gulf of Tonkin incident led to the escalation of US involvement in Vietnam. On August 2, 1964, the Maddox was conducting a "DeSoto patrol", referring to an espionage mission. The purpose of this mission was to collect intelligence on radar and coastal defenses of North Vietnam. However, the North Vietnamese torpedo patrol boats attacked the Maddox. The U.S.S. Ticonderoga sent aircraft to repel the North Vietnamese attackers and sunk one boat while damaging other enemy vessels. In...

Successes and Failures of Détente in the Cold War

Successes and Failures of Dà ©tente in the Cold War From the late 1960s to the late 1970s, the Cold War  was highlighted by a period known as â€Å"dà ©tente† – a welcome easing of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. While the period of dà ©tente resulted in productive negotiations and treaties on nuclear arms control and improved diplomatic relations, events at the end of the decade would bring the superpowers back to the brink of war. Use of the term â€Å"detent†- French for â€Å"relaxation†- in reference to an easing of strained geopolitical relations dates back to the 1904 Entente Cordiale, an agreement between Great Britain and France that ended centuries of off-and-on war and left the nations strong allies in World War I and thereafter. In the context of the Cold War, U.S. presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford called dà ©tente a â€Å"thawing out† of U.S.-Soviet nuclear diplomacy essential to avoiding a nuclear confrontation. Dà ©tente, Cold War-Style While U.S.-Soviet relations had been strained since the end of World War II, fears of war between the two nuclear superpowers peaked with the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Coming so close to Armageddon motivated leaders of both nations to undertake some of the world’s first nuclear arms control pacts, including the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963. In reaction to the Cuban Missile Crisis, a direct telephone line – the so-called red telephone – was installed between the U.S. White House and the Soviet Kremlin in Moscow allowing leaders of both nations to communicate instantly in order to reduce the risks nuclear war. Despite the peaceful precedents set by this early act of dà ©tente, rapid escalation of the Vietnam War during the mid-1960s increased Soviet-American tensions and made further nuclear arms talks all but impossible. By the late 1960s, however, both the Soviet and U.S. governments realized one big and unavoidable fact about the nuclear arms race: It was hugely expensive. The costs of diverting ever-larger portions of their budgets to military research left both nations facing domestic economic hardships. At the same time, the Sino-Soviet split – the rapid deterioration of relations between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China – made becoming friendlier with the United States look like a better idea to the USSR. In the United States, the soaring costs and political fallout of the Vietnam War caused policymakers to see improved relations with the Soviet Union as a helpful step in avoiding similar wars in the future. With both sides willing to at least explore the idea of arms control, the late 1960s and early 1970s would see the most productive period of dà ©tente. The First  Treaties of Dà ©tente The first evidence of dà ©tente-era cooperation came in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968, a pact signed by several of the major nuclear and non-nuclear power nations pledging their cooperation in stemming the spread of nuclear technology. While the NPT did not ultimately prevent the proliferation of nuclear arms, it paved the way for the first round of Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT I) from November 1969 to May 1972. The SALT I talks yielded the Antiballistic Missile Treaty along with an interim agreement capping the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) each side could possess. In 1975, two years of negotiations by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe resulted in the Helsinki Final Act. Signed by 35 nations, the Act addressed a range of global issues with Cold War implications, including new opportunities for trade and cultural exchange, and policies promoting the universal protection of human rights. The Death  and Re-Birth  of Dà ©tente Unfortunately, not all, but most good things must end. By the end of the 1970s, the warm glow of U.S.-Soviet dà ©tente began to fade away. While diplomats of both nations agreed on a second SALT agreement (SALT II), neither government ratified it. Instead, both nations agreed to continue to adhere to the arms reduction provisions of the old SALT I pact pending future negotiations. As dà ©tente broke down, progress on nuclear arms control stalled completely. As their relationship continued to erode, it became clear that both the U.S. and the Soviet Union had overestimated the extent to which dà ©tente would contribute to an agreeable and peaceful end of the Cold War. Dà ©tente all but ended when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979. President Jimmy Carter angered the Soviets by increasing U.S. defense spending and subsidizing the efforts of anti-Soviet Mujahideen fighters in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Afghanistan invasion also led the United States to boycott the 1980 Olympics held in Moscow. Later the same year, Ronald Reagan was elected President of the United States after running on an anti-dà ©tente platform. In his first press conference as president, Reagan called dà ©tente a â€Å"one-way street that the Soviet Union has used to pursue its aims.† With the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and Reagan’s election, the reversal of the dà ©tente policy that began during the Carter Administration took the fast track. Under what became known as the â€Å"Reagan Doctrine,† the United States undertook the largest military buildup since World War II and implemented new policies directly opposed to the Soviet Union. Reagan revived the B-1 Lancer long-range nuclear bomber program that had been cut by the Carter administration and ordered increased production of the highly mobile MX missile system. After the Soviets began to deploy their RSD-10 Pioneer medium range ICBMs, Reagan convinced NATO to deploy nuclear missiles in West Germany. Finally, Reagan abandoned all attempts to implement provisions of the SALT II nuclear arms agreement. Arms control talks would not resume until Mikhail Gorbachev, being the only candidate on the ballot, was elected president of the Soviet Union in 1990. With the United States developing President Reagan’s so-called â€Å"Star Wars† Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) ant-ballistic missile system, Gorbachev realized that the costs of countering U.S. advances in nuclear weapons systems, while still fighting a war in Afghanistan would eventually bankrupt his government. In the face of the mounting costs, Gorbachev agreed to new arms control talks with President Reagan. Their negotiation resulted in the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties of 1991 and 1993. Under the two pacts known as START I and START II, both nations not only agreed to stop making new nuclear weapons but also to systematically reduce their existing weapons stockpiles. Since enactment of the START treaties, the number of nuclear weapons controlled by the two Cold War superpowers has been significantly reduced. In the United States, the number of nuclear devices dropped from a high of over 31,100 in 1965 to about 7,200 in 2014. The nuclear stockpile in Russia/the Soviet Union fell from about 37,000 in 1990 to 7,500 in 2014. The START treaties call for continued nuclear arms reductions through the year 2022, when stockpiles are to be cut to 3,620 in the United States and 3,350 in Russia.

Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Software Engineering - Essay Example Progress tracking measurement The domains of software engineering projects are clearly defined in the knowledge areas of software engineering. Generally, it undergoes the different software engineering processes and different software engineering cycles. These knowledge areas, processes, and cycles are described in the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK), 2004 Version. Specifically, software engineering measurement undergoes the following process: 1. Establish and sustain measurement commitment, 2. Plan the measurement process, 3. Perform the measurement process, and 4. Evaluate measurement. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-6, 8-7, 8-8) In establishing and sustaining measurement commitment you need to: 1. Accept the requirements for measurement by defining the scope of measurement and committing the management and staff to measurement; and 2. Commit resources to management. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-7) In planning the measurement process you need to: 1. Identify the information needs, 2. Select measures, 3. Define data collection, analysis, and reporting procedures., 4. Define criteria for evaluating the information products, 5. Review, approve and provide resources for measurement tasks, and 6. Acquire and deploy supporting technologies. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-7, 8-8) In performing the measurement process you need to: 1. Integrate measurement procedures with relevant technologies, 2. Collect data, 3. Analyze data and develop information products, and communicate the results. (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 8-8)

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

ART - Essay Example The artist has reflected light over the leaves by painting them yellowish green. The distance between one tree and the next has been made prominent by lending a lighter shade of green to the leaves of the nearby trees and a darker shade of green to those in the distance. From the apparent purplish blue sky and the chandeliers hanging along the way, it seems that the time of the day captured in the picture is evening that is soon to transform into the night. While one can see even without the chandeliers for the time being, they would be a must to enhance the vision once the sky turns any darker. This picture makes me feel like being in the middle of a forest. It feels like the beginning of a story. There is a lot to tell depending upon how one interprets the destination that the pathway leads to. The pathway might just end in a steep slope offering no further land to continue the movement, or it might just slide downward as the trees on the side indicate thus leading the audience to an unknown destination. As the audience of this picture, I feel welcomed into the world of endless imagination of the artist. I feel like the artist has provided me with a direction and has left it upon me to choose to what length I go in that direction. It is like the a rtist has handed over the tools to me but at the same time, deters from becoming the controlling force so that I use those tools in whatever way I want. The effect of the picture on me as an audience is empowering. I feel like the artist is questioning me where I would go from there, showing me the picture. It seems to be just the start of a journey in two ways; firstly, the pathway seems to have just started and it is for the audience to decide where it ends, and secondly, the sky is purplish blue indicating evening while the lit candles in the chandeliers indicate the preparations of the night when the sky would be darker. So the moment captured in the

Essay on The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Essay on The Crucible Essay The Crucible was written by the great play writing legend Sir Arthur Miller. He created many ingenious plays. In particular I would like to focus on the play (The Crucible) is based on a true story. The Crucible is set in America in the state of Massachusetts within the small village of Salem in the late seventeenth century. In this period of time, witch hunting was at its peak. In addition, religion was regarded as the law it was powerful over everyone and no one could question its authority. No one would dare speak against it or the consequences could be lethal. For many hundreds of years throughout Europe there was a belief in witchcraft. At times the principle turned into historical fear, leading into campaigns or persecution against suspected witches. It was thought that witches were agents of the devil. In 1692 there was an outbreak of accusations of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts (USA). The colonists there were Puritans who followed a particular form of Protestant Christianity and would tolerate no other. They felt surrounded by ungodly people and they associated the forest with savages and with evil. Salem was a puritan community their lives were ruled by religion. The role pf religion is very powerful and id used to control the community within the courts of Salem, religion is referred to throughout the play. The Crucible criticises the effects of the Cold War America experienced in the 1950s. McCarthy felt his power threatened by his peoples interest in communism. It was feared that Russia take over the world. This links to The Crucible because the people in the play are craving for freedom, they dont want to be tied to religion and the Bible. The Crucible begins with the village girls cleaning and making something in a pot, which is against the laws of Salem. This action leads to a whole plot of jealousy, betrayal and ends up in hangings. Miller tries to display the act of the girls dancing in the forest as a form of plea, a cry for help. Throughout the play there are many characters with a variety of strong agendas that display their notions by insinuating them in ways, which cause arguments and stir the pot. After both reading and watching The Crucible I noticed that there were four main categories in which the characters fell into. The powerful, the righteous, the weak and the jealous. Most of the characters or the main characters rather entered the powerful and jealous categories. Judge Danforth for example, a powerful man with extreme authority, he turns a blind eye to the truth to keep his position and stay in power. He is bought and biased, looks more for his own benefit rather than helping others which should be the case. He abuses his position magnificently to stay in power. Reverend Paris, also has a considerable amount of power in the village of Salem. His main concern seems to be keeping his reputation and hes bent on doing anything and everything to keep his authority and be feared. He has controlling power yet refuses to shift position for the right cause. John Proctor is an honest man who isnt easily led. He is a hardworking farmer in his mid-thirties with logical thought. He is married, even tempered but is powerful of mind and body. Proctor is feared and respected in Salem, however he is no saint he has committed adultery with Abigail Williams who worked for Proctor as a servant but was subsequently fired when Proctor realized his mistake. Hes a good-hearted man who wants to make his wrongs right. An honourable man, who stands up for what is right and uses his wisdom against that which is wrong. Abigail, a very cunning young woman, she has committed adultery with John Proctor and uses this to her advantage by blackmailing and threatening him. She blames lies on other to save herself, she plays innocent and acts nai ve when in reality she is the cause of the disputes. She is evil and spiteful, cares for nobody but herself she is simply selfish. Mary Warren, one of the weak and afraid characters, who can be moulded through threatening, as she is easily intimidated. She sides with Proctor when he threatens her and then sides with Abigail when she blackmails her. She is very controlled as though she doesnt have a mind of her own nor any opinions. Because her worth is less than a slave she grew up with no honour, respect, honesty or independence, this is why she is unable to see the wrong as well as Proctor and in the end sides with the wrong people out of pure fear. Unfortunately, Mary Warren is a timid and gullible character who plays an unwitting role in the outcome of the trial. The audience will see the tension build up when they see such a combination of characters who all have very different agendas and are extremely volatile arguing in this type of situation. In this essay, I will focus mainly on act 3. It begins in the courtroom the witch trial has commenced. There are of course two parties, those accused of being witches (John Proctor, his wife etc) and the accusers (Rev. Parris etc). Proctor has a tough job defending himself because he has to prove that the court is wrong, Danforth questions Proctor and finds out what kind of a man he is before he hears the case. Giles Corey testifies for his wife (she was accused of being a witch). Giles feels guilty since it was he who told the court that his wife, Martha, had been reading some books. The court believes that she was reading them books to learn how to curse people. Francis Nurse testifies and defends his wife, Judge Hathorne supposes they are the bad ones and is angered by their blatant denial so consequently orders Corey and Nurse to be arrested. Proctor forces Mary Warren to testify for the defence and she complies by saying she lied in the court before. John says the girls are lying about the witchcraft. This makes the judges very nervous because if Proctor is correct then they have killed many innocent people. Proctor presents his case, he has three depositions to offer for evidence, the first being a signed petition proving the innocence of the three mens wives. The second statement comes from Giles Corey, he tells the judges that Thomas Putnam is a ravenous and greedy man who is obsessed with attaining land through any means. However, Putnam denies this and Corey refuses to tell the court who gave him this information on Putnam in fear of being arrested. Unfortunately, he is still arrested for contempt of court. From here we are taken back to Rev. Hale who has realised his mistake and has changed sides, now supporting Proctor. Mary is the third final element of Johns defence. John tells her what to say and that he is supporting her. But Mary Warren is afraid no one will believe her (that the witchery was all untrue and the girls had been lying all along) because she lied earlier. Danforth brings in the accusers led by Abigail. Williams says that Mary is lying, the judges begin to wonder how Mary could be pretending to be a witch earlier. She is asked to demonstrate this pretending for the court. She cant. Abigail and Danforth argue when Williams is questioned and then pretends to be seeing Mary as a bird in the air from the devil. The rest of the girls on Abigails side mimic her for their act to look believable. Proctor having no options left reveals his affair with Abigail. The men are horrified, John and Abigail are instructed to turn their backs while Elizabeth Proctor is bought in. She is asked if her husband has committed lechery. Not knowing he has confessed and thinking of his protection, her loyalty to John gets the better of her and she denies it. As she is led out John tells her he has confessed and they both realize that have lost completely. Abigail and the girls continue to act as though afflicted Mary Warren until she finally cracks. She accuses Proctor for having used her for the devils work and runs into the now welcoming arms of Abigail. Proctor and Giles Corey are led to the prison.

Planck’s Constant Experiment :: Papers

Planck’s Constant Experiment IMPLEMENTING Before I started the experiment, the battery was disconnected with the circuit because I needed to check that the LED is connected in the right direction in the circuit. However the apparatus I set up for the experiment was correct since I followed the diagram and method on the plan step by step. The circuit worked and there was no accident happen during the experiment. Before the experiment I prepared a result table for recording voltages for each different type of LED. Throughout the experiment I worked carefully by turning off the knob on the potentiometer every time I had to change the LED or move the apparatus. Also I left the space around the circuit clear so that I would not get confused with things that I needed to use and things that I did not want. The working area was well organised. My equipments did not get mixed up with others. Because this experiment does not take long to read out the values of voltage of each LED, I decided to do 5 repeats for each LED instead of 3 repeats, as I planned. After I had done all 5 repeats for each LED, I used values of voltage and current to calculate the resistance. Then I plotted the graph of E against ƒ to see if there is any anomalous. However I did not have any anomalous result so I did not need to do any more repeat. I did not modify my plan procedure since it worked smoothly. OBSERVING AND RECORDING Results: Voltage (V) Type of LED 1st Repeat 2nd Repeat 3rd Repeat 4th Repeat 5th Repeat WL27 1.63 1.63 1.62 1.60 1.60 WL28 1.65 1.65 1.63 1.64 1.65 WL29 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.47 1.49 WL30 1.

Gatsby Automobile Essay Essay

There are many different themes, images, and symbols in Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby that render great importance to the development of the story. One particular image and symbol seen throughout Fitzgerald’s novel that acts as a major contributor to the plot is the automobile. The image of the automobile can be seen in relation with any of the characters in the novel who involve themselves in with driving an automobile or even simply talking about an automobile. Two characters in the novel that Fitzgerald uses to portray the images and symbols of the automobile are Tom Buchannan and Jay Gatsby. These two automobile owners are created into the strongest conductors of Fitzgerald’s imagery and symbolism throughout the novel. The automobile can be seen as representing a few different types of images and symbols. A possible symbol of the automobile may stand for the respective automobile owner’s status in society. Almost all automobiles in the nineteen-twenties were black and just about as plain as could be. These black automobiles were owned by all those who could just barely afford an automobile, to those who were average, middle class people, to the extremely wealthy who could easily afford three or four automobiles. What makes this piece of history so important is the fact that Fitzgerald gives both Tom and Gatsby brightly colored automobiles. The personalities of these two characters effortlessly magnifies the showiness and in Gatsby’s case, gaudiness. Gatsby’s absolutely obnoxious Rolls Royce is â€Å"a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, and terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns. † No one in the nineteen-twenties had such an untasteful looking automobile that Gatsby. One obvious and straightforward possible explanation for Gatsby’s hideous automobile is that he wants to show off his wealth, status, and â€Å"success† in his many trades. Another not so obvious reason for this hideous yellow automobile could be an image produced by Fitzgerald to try to illustrate Gatsby’s need to reach out and grasp Daisy’s attention. Unfortunately, because Gatsby was formerly a much lower class man, living on a farm out west with his family, his wealth and riches cannot buy him any class or style. A very similar situation can be seen with Tom Buchannan and his automobiles. He too, is very showy and flashy in his actions to show the world his possessions. Tom, like Gatsby, has an unusual colored car. This blue automobile is a symbol of wealth, status, and riches, just like Gatsby, but it can represent another image. Every single time Tom heads over to Wilson’s Garage for some gas or to see Myrtle, Wilson asks Tom about purchasing his old automobile. Tom plainly and seemingly without thinking puts the topic off to the side as if it wasn’t important and he didn’t want to talk about it. Sadly for Wilson, the automobile in a sense symbolizes Myrtle. Tom pushes the car aside as if it didn’t matter much at all to him, just like he uses Myrtle and makes all those empty promises to her about trying to divorce Daisy and being together forever. The images and symbols throughout The Great Gatsby create many dimensions to such a superb plot and character development. These amazing images set up by Fitzgerald give the novel a complete feel of full development. Fitzgerald ties in all the different elements of the story by using the one simple entity of the automobile.

Harriet Jacobs

â€Å"The educated differ from the uneducated as much as the living from the dead† (Power 1), Aristotle knew the importance of education; especially literacy. Literacy is what stood between the slaves and the slaves owners. However, some of the enslaved were fortunate enough to possess more intelligence than their owners knew. Harriet Jacobs is one of the few that shared the knowledge of literacy and she knew the power that this held. She used this as her driving force to push through all of the hardships a slave had to endure on a daily basis. Jacobs account in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl truly depict the power of literacy.As a young girl Jacobs learns of her fate to come. â€Å"When I was six years old, my mother died; and then, for the first time, I learned, by the talk around me, that I was a slave† (Jacobs 10). Jacobs blesses her first mistress, Margaret Horniblow, for teaching her to read and spell. From this early age Jacobs begins to see that language and reality are intertwined. Through this interconnected thinking Jacobs discovers how to decode both the word and the world. This causes bitterness towards her mistress Margaret, when she teaches her the bible. â€Å"My mistress had taught me the percepts of God’s word: ‘Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. ‘Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even so unto them. ’ But I was her slave, and I suppose she did not recognize me as her neighbor† (Jacobs). Jacobs realizes that her mistress does not view her as her neighbor and in turn doesn’t view her as a human being. The hypocrisy shown to her through the bible infuriates Jacobs. This leads Jacobs to question literacy as a possible pathway to freedom, however, Jacobs ability to read and write never sets her free. â€Å"Education makes people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave† (Power 1).Henry Peter, Lord Brougham explain th is in â€Å"The Present State of the Law†; this statement holds true to the way slave owners held their power over the Slaves. Unlike the biblical reading Jacobs reads with her mistress, the slave owners would warp Christ’s word to make slaves believe that their enslavement was warranted by God. These twisted passages would be read orally by the slave owners. Jacob’s now notices how language can be abused and used against her fellow slaves. As a testament to Jacobs eye opening experiences, Harryette Mullen uncovers the oral abuse slaves endured.This was necessary through the slave owners eyes because they were afraid of rioting and runaway slaves. There plantations depended on the slaves labour, so they needed to make it very clear tot their slaves that whites were of a higher society. â€Å"If institutionalized illiteracy was intended to exempt African Americans from access to or participation in the discursive formations of bourgeois society, then to the exte nt that it succeed, it also left them outside conventional ideological constructions that played a part in determining white identities† (Mullen 256)Along with these biblical reading slave owners also payed special attention to their women slaves. Most of the time female slaves were sexual harassed and raped. Jacobs was a victim of harassment when she lived in Dr. Flint’s household. â€Å"Illiterate slave women operated within a tradition of resistant orality, or verbal self defense, which included speech acts variously labeled sassy or saucy, impudent, impertinent, or insulant: the speech of slaves who refused to know their place, who contested their assigned social and legal inferiority as slaved and as black women† (Mullen 255).Jacobs was put into dozens of inappropriate situations and these became worse when Dr. Flint discovered Jacobs literacy. Dr. Flint send her sexual letters which Jacobs tells him that she cannot read. â€Å"While Harriet Jacob’s literacy was a tremendous source of empowerment, it also exposed her to an even more concentrated dose of the ideology of domesticity than the training she received while living and working in the homes of white women and observing their behavior† (Mullen 260) Quotes I want to use but I’m not sure how. —- Their texts, by focusing on a continuum of resistance to oppression available to the illiterate as well as the literate, tend to stress orality as a presence over illiteracy as an absence† (Mullen 255). â€Å"Harriet Jacob’s narrative, which may be seen as ascribing gender to the generic (male) narrative genre, demonstrates that it is possible to appropriate bourgeois ideology to affirm the humanity of slaves and illiterates-without Douglass’s rhetorical conflation of literacy, freedom, and manhood, which reinforces rather than challenges the symbolic emasculation of the male slave and the silencing of the female slave.Because she associates the slave’s humanity with defiant or subversive speech, resistant behavior, and the ethics of reciprocal relationships, as well as with writing and individual autonomy, Jacobs affirms the humanity of the collectivity of slaves as well as the successful fugitive and literate narrator† (Mullen 261) â€Å"For Jacobs, literacy serves to record for a reading audience a continuity of experience already constructed and preserved within her family through oral accounts† (Mullen 261). â€Å"Only the educated are free† Epictetus (Power 1) â€Å"Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army† Edward Everett (Power 1)

Example of Graduate School Admission Essay †Meeting Personal Objectives

Example of Graduate School Admission Essay – Meeting Personal Objectives Free Online Research Papers Describe a situation taken from school, business, civil or military life, where you did not meet your personal objectives, and discuss briefly the effect. (250 words approx.) From the age of 6, I was trying to hit my first tennis strokes. I acquired a love to the sport and throughout my teenage years in Brazil I competed in junior tournaments. My goal was to become a professional tennis player. When I was 17, my father sent me to a reputable tennis academy in Florida, United States, where world top young tennis players attended classes and practiced tennis for five hours a day. I spent one and a half years at the academy competing on national and international professional tournaments. After that, I accepted an offer to play for a college in the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s top division. I was determined to following the path to a professional tennis career. However, my first year in college proved to be extremely demanding physically and mentally to me. Therefore, in my case it was impossible to perform at high levels academically and athletically. I could not accept that I was not able to provide the results I knew I was capable of in my studies or at the court. So, decided to take a year off from tennis, since I did not feel that leaving the university was a wise choice. It was a very tough decision and a disappointment at some level, since tennis was a big part of my life. However, in school, I developed the same passion for business and opened my eyes to other areas of interest, such as arts. Finally, I set new goals for myself which I am pursuing with the determination of a world class athlete. Research Papers on Example of Graduate School Admission Essay - Meeting Personal Objectives19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Hockey GameThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenStandardized TestingResearch Process Part One

States considering laws to prevent obesity in America

States considering laws to prevent obesity in America Obesity... overweight... fat. No questions, its one of this nations worst and most costly health problems. But, can government, in its finest we know whats best for you tradition, actually outlaw obesity in America? According to a recent Washington Post article, legislatures in at least 25 states are currently debating more than 140 bills aimed at curbing obesity. New state laws currently under consideration would restrict the sale of soda and candy in public schools, require fast-food chains to post fat and sugar content directly on all menu boards, and even attempt to tax the fat away. According to the Post, six bills proposed by New York State Assemblyman Felix Ortiz (D) would slap hefty taxes on not only fatty foods, but also modern icons of sedentary living movie tickets, video games and DVD rentals. Ortiz estimates his tax laws would haul in over $50 million a year, which New York could use to fund public exercise and nutrition programs. We have focused on smoking; now it is about time we fight obesity, Ortiz told the Post. Over 44 million Americans are now considered obese, with an associated increase in cases of serious and costly diseases, including diabetes, heart disease and kidney failure. As costs to health plans of obesity-driven illnesses soar, the success of anti-smoking legislation passed during the 1990s and the seatbelt laws of the 1970s have lawmakers thinking similar laws could help force Americans to push away from the table. Obviously, civil libertarians and consumer rights groups do not like the idea of legislating eating behavior. Its an individual responsibility issue, states Richard Berman, executive director of the Center for Consumer Freedom in the Post article. If Im going to shorten my own life by eating too much or being too sedentary, that may not be much different than shortening my life by riding a motorcycle without a helmet on. On the other hand, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy G. Thompson cites the $117 billion spent annually on obesity-related health care when he states, If were really interested in holding down medical costs and improving the health of citizens, we have to do something about obesity. Some insurance industry officials have suggested charging obese persons higher premiums. HHS Secretary Thompson, however, cautioned that doing so could run afoul of federal anti-discrimination laws. The most potentially contentious fat-fighting suggestion mentioned in the Post story came from Eric Topol, chief of cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic. Topols suggestion would offer a federal income tax credit to slender people, while the people ruining our health care economics [the obese] would pay the standard tax. People who are able to be disciplined and lose weight should be rewarded, said Topol.

Article # 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article # 2 - Essay Example According to New York Times article, Aetna will pay $27.30 in cash and 0.3885 of share for each of Coventry’s shares. This payment present around 20% premium paid over the latest closing share price. The announcement of the deal brought some reaction in the stock exchange with Aetna’s share going up by 5.6%, to $40.18 while shares in Coventry went up to close at $42.04. The realizable benefits include Coventry adding over 5 million members to Aetna’s plans, which include 4 million medical members and 1.5 million Medicare part D members. This transaction will ultimately increase Aetna’s Medicaid footprint. More opportunities would be created to facilitate participation in the expansion of Medicaid. Integrating Coventry into Aetna will enable Aetna expand its core insurance business especially the fast growing government health care programs. The acquisition comes with some goodies where Aetna will be able to expand its relationships with health care providers in local geographies. According to the article the deal is expected to close by the middle of next year. I think that Coventry should accept the offer from Aetna, because Coventry debt will be covered when the deal go through. Furthermore, consolidation among various players in the healthcare is time so as to provide health services to many